Biodegradable Polymers

TY - CHAP

T1 - Biodegradable Polymers

AU - Zhang, Zheng

AU - Ortiz, Ophir

AU - Goyal, Ritu

AU - Kohn, Joachim

PY - 2013/11

Y1 - 2013/11

N2 - The design and development of tissue-engineered products has benefited from many years of clinical utilization of a wide range of biodegradable polymers. Newly developed biodegradable polymers and modifications of previously developed biodegradable polymers have enhanced the tools available for creating clinically important tissue-engineering applications. Insights gained from studies of cell-matrix interactions, cell-cell signaling, and organization of cellular components, are placing increased demands on medical implants to interact with the patient's tissue in a more biologically appropriate fashion. Whereas in the twentieth century biocompatibility was largely equated with eliciting no harmful response, the biomaterials of the twenty first century will have to elicit tissue responses that support healing or regeneration of the patient's own tissue.This chapter surveys the universe of those biodegradable polymers that may be useful in the development of medical implants and tissue-engineered products. Here, we distinguish between biologically derived polymers and synthetic polymers. The materials are described in terms of their chemical composition, breakdown products, mechanism of breakdown, mechanical properties, and clinical limitations. Also discussed are product design considerations in processing of biomaterials into a final form (e.g., gel, membrane, matrix) that will effect the desired tissue response.

AB - The design and development of tissue-engineered products has benefited from many years of clinical utilization of a wide range of biodegradable polymers. Newly developed biodegradable polymers and modifications of previously developed biodegradable polymers have enhanced the tools available for creating clinically important tissue-engineering applications. Insights gained from studies of cell-matrix interactions, cell-cell signaling, and organization of cellular components, are placing increased demands on medical implants to interact with the patient's tissue in a more biologically appropriate fashion. Whereas in the twentieth century biocompatibility was largely equated with eliciting no harmful response, the biomaterials of the twenty first century will have to elicit tissue responses that support healing or regeneration of the patient's own tissue.This chapter surveys the universe of those biodegradable polymers that may be useful in the development of medical implants and tissue-engineered products. Here, we distinguish between biologically derived polymers and synthetic polymers. The materials are described in terms of their chemical composition, breakdown products, mechanism of breakdown, mechanical properties, and clinical limitations. Also discussed are product design considerations in processing of biomaterials into a final form (e.g., gel, membrane, matrix) that will effect the desired tissue response.

KW - Biodegradable polymers

KW - Cell-cell signaling

KW - Cell-matrix interactions

KW - Gel

KW - Implants

KW - Matrix

KW - Medical implants

KW - Membrane

KW - Synthetic polymers

KW - Tissue engineering

KW - Tissue response

KW - Tissue-engineered products

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84903230401

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84903230401#tab=citedBy

U2 - 10.1016/B978-0-12-398358-9.00023-9

DO - 10.1016/B978-0-12-398358-9.00023-9

M3 - Chapter

SN - 9780123983589

SP - 441

EP - 473

BT - Principles of Tissue Engineering

PB - Elsevier Inc.

ER -