TY - JOUR
T1 - Elevation-dependent warming in the Eastern Siberian Arctic
AU - Miller, James R.
AU - Fuller, John E.
AU - Puma, Michael J.
AU - Finnegan, Joseph M.
N1 - Funding Information: JEF and JMF acknowledge support from the Rutgers University Aresty Center Research Program. This project received support from the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station and the USDA-National Institute for Food and Agriculture, Hatch Project Number NJ32116. MJP gratefully acknowledges support from the United Nations Development Programme and the NASA-Columbia cooperative agreement 'Interdisciplinary Research on Earth System Modeling and the Impacts of Climate Change' (Federal Award ID Number 80NSSC17M0057). Funding Information: JEF and JMF acknowledge support from the Rut-gers University Aresty Center Research Program. This project received support from the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station and the USDA-National Institute for Food and Agriculture, Hatch Project Number NJ32116. MJP gratefully acknowledges support from the United Nations Development Programme and the NASA-Columbia cooperative agreement ‘Interdisciplinary Research on Earth System Modeling and the Impacts of Climate Change’ (Federal Award ID Number 80NSSC17M0057). Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s).
PY - 2021/2
Y1 - 2021/2
N2 - There is evidence for elevation-dependent warming (EDW) in many mountainous regions, including the Alps, Rockies, and Tibetan Plateau, all of which are in mid latitudes. Most studies finding evidence of EDW indicate that both recent decadal and future projected warming rates are greater at higher elevations. In this study, we examine the roles of Arctic amplification and elevation on future warming rates in winter and summer in eastern Siberia (50-70° N; 80-180° E). This region includes four major river basins that flow into the Arctic Ocean (the Yenisei, Lena, Indigirka, and Kolyma) and intersects with mountain ranges in northern Mongolia and eastern Siberia. We analyze projected 21st century temperature projections using a six-member ensemble of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Climate System Model (CCSM4) with a radiative forcing of 8.5 W m-2. Projected warming rates in winter for the 21st century are dominated by Arctic amplification, which leads to significantly larger warming rates at higher latitudes, with latitudinal gradients of about 0.16 °C degree-1 latitude. In summer, the latitudinal gradient is near zero (0.02 °C degree-1 of latitude). Within specific latitude bands, we also find EDW. However, unlike most mid-latitude locations where warming rates are greater at higher elevations, we find that future warming rates are smaller at higher elevations for this high-latitude region, particularly during winter, with statistically significant rates varying between -0.70 °C km-1 and -2.46 °C km-1 for different 5° latitude bands. The decrease in warming rates with elevation in winter at the highest latitudes is primarily attributed to strong inversions and changes in the lapse rate as free-air temperatures warm at slower rates than surface temperatures. In summer, the elevation dependence is much weaker than in winter but still statistically significant and negative in all but the most northern latitude band with values ranging between -0.10 °C km-1 and -0.56 °C km-1.
AB - There is evidence for elevation-dependent warming (EDW) in many mountainous regions, including the Alps, Rockies, and Tibetan Plateau, all of which are in mid latitudes. Most studies finding evidence of EDW indicate that both recent decadal and future projected warming rates are greater at higher elevations. In this study, we examine the roles of Arctic amplification and elevation on future warming rates in winter and summer in eastern Siberia (50-70° N; 80-180° E). This region includes four major river basins that flow into the Arctic Ocean (the Yenisei, Lena, Indigirka, and Kolyma) and intersects with mountain ranges in northern Mongolia and eastern Siberia. We analyze projected 21st century temperature projections using a six-member ensemble of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Climate System Model (CCSM4) with a radiative forcing of 8.5 W m-2. Projected warming rates in winter for the 21st century are dominated by Arctic amplification, which leads to significantly larger warming rates at higher latitudes, with latitudinal gradients of about 0.16 °C degree-1 latitude. In summer, the latitudinal gradient is near zero (0.02 °C degree-1 of latitude). Within specific latitude bands, we also find EDW. However, unlike most mid-latitude locations where warming rates are greater at higher elevations, we find that future warming rates are smaller at higher elevations for this high-latitude region, particularly during winter, with statistically significant rates varying between -0.70 °C km-1 and -2.46 °C km-1 for different 5° latitude bands. The decrease in warming rates with elevation in winter at the highest latitudes is primarily attributed to strong inversions and changes in the lapse rate as free-air temperatures warm at slower rates than surface temperatures. In summer, the elevation dependence is much weaker than in winter but still statistically significant and negative in all but the most northern latitude band with values ranging between -0.10 °C km-1 and -0.56 °C km-1.
KW - Arctic amplification
KW - Arctic warming
KW - Elevation-dependent warming
KW - Temperature inversions
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85100779020&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85100779020&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abdb5e
DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abdb5e
M3 - Article
SN - 1748-9318
VL - 16
JO - Environmental Research Letters
JF - Environmental Research Letters
IS - 2
M1 - 024044
ER -