TY - JOUR
T1 - Time Trends in Murray's Psychogenic Needs over Three Decades in Swedish 75-Year-Olds
AU - Billstedt, Eva
AU - Waern, Margda
AU - Falk, Hanna
AU - Duberstein, Paul
AU - Östling, Svante
AU - Hällström, Tore
AU - Skoog, Ingmar
N1 - Funding Information: This study has been funded by the Swedish Research Council (11267, 2005-8460, 2007-7462, 2012-5041, 2015-02830, 2013- 8717), the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare (2004-0145, 2006-0596, 2008-1111, 2010-0870, 2013-1202, AGECAP 2013-2300, 2013-2496, Epilife 2006-1506), Swedish Brain Power, Konung Gustaf V:s och Drottning Victorias Frimurarestiftelse, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital (ALF), as well as by the Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation, Eivind och Elsa K:son Sylvans stiftelse, Stiftelsen Soderstrom-Konigska Sjukhemmet, and Stiftelsen for Gamla Tjanarinnor. Publisher Copyright: © 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel.
PY - 2016/12/1
Y1 - 2016/12/1
N2 - Background: While time trends in personality traits have been suggested in younger cohorts, little is known regarding this issue in older adults. Objective: To test for birth cohort changes in psychogenic needs according to Murray's theory of personality in two birth cohorts of 75-year-olds born 1901-1902 and 1930. Methods: Two population-based birth cohorts were examined at the age of 75 years in 1976-1977 and in 2005-2006. Psychogenic needs according to Murray were measured with the Cesarec-Marke Personality Schedule (CMPS), a Swedish version of the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule. Scores on the CMPS subscales (achievement, affiliation, aggression, defence of status, guilt feelings, dominance, exhibition, autonomy, nurturance, order, succorance, and acquiescence) were compared between cohorts. Results:Achievement, exhibition, dominance, aggression, affiliation, and succorance scores were higher, and order and acquiescence scores lower, in the more recent birth cohort of 75-year-olds. Women scored lower than men on exhibition and dominance, and higher on defence of status, guilt feelings, affiliation, nurturance, and succorance. Interaction effects between cohort and sex were found for achievement (women scored lower than men in 1976-1977 but not in 2005-2006), order (the lower scores in 2005-2006 were more accentuated among men), and acquiescence (increased in men and decreased in women). Conclusion: The later-born birth cohort scored higher on self-centred traits, such as more dominant, competitive, and exhibitive traits as well as the need to be taken care of and have friends around, but it scored lower on the need for order. The gap between men and women regarding achievement decreased, possibly reflecting women's more prominent role in society.
AB - Background: While time trends in personality traits have been suggested in younger cohorts, little is known regarding this issue in older adults. Objective: To test for birth cohort changes in psychogenic needs according to Murray's theory of personality in two birth cohorts of 75-year-olds born 1901-1902 and 1930. Methods: Two population-based birth cohorts were examined at the age of 75 years in 1976-1977 and in 2005-2006. Psychogenic needs according to Murray were measured with the Cesarec-Marke Personality Schedule (CMPS), a Swedish version of the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule. Scores on the CMPS subscales (achievement, affiliation, aggression, defence of status, guilt feelings, dominance, exhibition, autonomy, nurturance, order, succorance, and acquiescence) were compared between cohorts. Results:Achievement, exhibition, dominance, aggression, affiliation, and succorance scores were higher, and order and acquiescence scores lower, in the more recent birth cohort of 75-year-olds. Women scored lower than men on exhibition and dominance, and higher on defence of status, guilt feelings, affiliation, nurturance, and succorance. Interaction effects between cohort and sex were found for achievement (women scored lower than men in 1976-1977 but not in 2005-2006), order (the lower scores in 2005-2006 were more accentuated among men), and acquiescence (increased in men and decreased in women). Conclusion: The later-born birth cohort scored higher on self-centred traits, such as more dominant, competitive, and exhibitive traits as well as the need to be taken care of and have friends around, but it scored lower on the need for order. The gap between men and women regarding achievement decreased, possibly reflecting women's more prominent role in society.
KW - Cesarec-Marke Personality Schedule
KW - Old age
KW - Personality
KW - Time trends
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U2 - https://doi.org/10.1159/000448113
DO - https://doi.org/10.1159/000448113
M3 - Article
C2 - 27578193
VL - 63
SP - 45
EP - 54
JO - Gerontology
JF - Gerontology
SN - 0304-324X
IS - 1
ER -